PATENT AND TECHNOLOGY LICENSE AGREEMENT

 

THIS thirteen (13) page AGREEMENT ("AGREEMENT") is made on this ………………….

by and between the BOARD OF REGENTS ("BOARD") of THE ........... OF

........... YYY ("YYY"), an agency of the State of ..........., whose address is 201

West 7th Street, ..........., ........... 78701, THE ........... OF ........... M. D. ANDERSON

CANCER CENTER ("MDA"), a component Institution of the YYY and XYZ, Inc.,

a Houston, ........... corporation having a principal place of business located at 333

N. Sam Houston Pkwy, Suite 1150, Houston, ........... 77060 ("LICENSEE").

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                              

 

 

                           TABLE OF CONTENTS

         RECITALS                                             Page 2

 

I.       EFFECTIVE DATE                                       Page 2

 

II.      DEFINITIONS                                          Page 2

 

III.     LICENSE                                              Page 3

 

IV.      CONSIDERATION, PAYMENTS AND REPORTS                  Page 4

 

V.       SPONSORED RESEARCH                                   Page 6

 

VI.      PATENTS AND INVENTIONS                               Page 6

 

VII.     INFRINGEMENT BY THIRD PARTIES                        Page 7

 

VIII.    PATENT MARKING                                       Page 7

 

IX.      INDEMNIFICATION                                      Page 7

 

X.       USE OF BOARD AND COMPONENT'S NAME                    Page 8

 

XI.      CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION                             Page 8

 

XII.     ASSIGNMENT                                           Page 8

 

XIII.    TERMS AND TERMINATION                                Page 9

 

XIV.     WARRANTY:  SUPERIOR-RIGHTS                           Page 10

 

XV.      GENERAL                                              Page 11

 

         SIGNATURES                                           Page 12

 

         EXHIBIT I                                            Page 13

 

 

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                                    RECITALS

 

A. BOARD owns certain PATENT RIGHTS and TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS related to LICENSED

SUBJECT MATTER, which were developed at MDA, a component institution of YYY.

 

B. BOARD desires to have the LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER developed in the LICENSED

FIELD and used for the benefit of LICENSEE, the inventor, BOARD, and the public

as outlined in the Intellectual Property Policy promulgated by the BOARD.

 

C. LICENSEE wishes to obtain a license from BOARD to practice LICENSED SUBJECT

MATTER.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and premises herein

contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

                                I. EFFECTIVE DATE

 

1.1 Subject to approval by BOARD, this AGREEMENT shall be effective as of the

date written herein above ("EFFECTIVE DATE").

 

                                 II. DEFINITIONS

 

As used in this AGREEMENT, the following terms shall have the meanings

indicated:

 

2.1 AFFILIATE shall mean any business entity more than 50% owned by LICENSEE,

any business entity which owns more than 50% of LICENSEE, or any business entity

that is more than 50% owned by a business entity that owns more than 50% of

LICENSEE.

 

2.2 LICENSED FIELD shall mean all fields of use within the LICENSED SUBJECT

MATTER.

 

2.3 LICENSED PRODUCTS shall mean any product or service SOLD by LICENSEE

comprising LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER pursuant to this AGREEMENT.

 

2.4 LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER shall mean inventions and discoveries defined herein

as PATENT RIGHTS or as TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS.

 

2.5 LICENSED TERRITORY shall mean all national and international political

jurisdiction in which LICENSED PRODUCTS are sold.

 

2.6 NET SALES shall mean the gross revenues received by LICENSEE from the SALE

of LICENSED PRODUCTS less sales and/or use taxes actually paid, import and/or

export duties actually paid, outbound transportation prepaid or allowed, and

amounts allowed or credited due to returns (not to exceed the original billing

or invoice amount).

 

2.7 PATENT RIGHTS shall only mean any and all of BOARD'S rights in information

or

 

 

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discoveries claimed in invention disclosures, patents, and/or patent

applications, whether domestic or foreign, and all divisionals, continuations,

continuations-in-part, reissues, reexaminations or extensions thereof, and any

letters patent that issue thereon as defined in Exhibit I hereto subject to the

limitations, if any, set forth therein.

 

2.8 SALE or SOLD shall mean the transfer or disposition of a LICENSED PRODUCT

for value to a party other than LICENSEE or an AFFILIATE.

 

2.9 Subject to the limitations, if any, set forth in Exhibit I hereto,

TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS shall mean BOARD'S rights in any technical information,

know-how, process, procedure, composition, device, method, formula, protocol,

technique, software, design, drawing or data created by the inventors listed in

Exhibit I hereto and relating to LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER which is not claimed in

PATENT RIGHTS but which is necessary for practicing PATENT RIGHTS regardless of

whether any patent is actually issued during the term of this AGREEMENT.

 

                                  III. LICENSE

 

3.1 BOARD hereby grants to LICENSEE a royalty-bearing, exclusive license under

LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER to manufacture, have manufactured, use and/or sell

LICENSED PRODUCTS within LICENSED TERRITORY for use within LICENSED FIELD and,

subject to Paragraph 4.5 herein, shall extend to BOARD's undivided interest in

any LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER developed during the term of this AGREEMENT and

jointly owned by BOARD and LICENSEE. This grant shall be subject to Paragraph

14.2 and 14.3, hereinbelow, the payment by LICENSEE to BOARD of all

consideration as provided in Paragraph 4.1 of this AGREEMENT, (as well as the

timely payment of all amounts due under any Sponsored Research Agreement between

MDA and LICENSEE in effect during the term of this AGREEMENT) and shall be

further subject to rights retained by BOARD and MDA to:

 

(a) Publish the general scientific findings from research related to LICENSED

SUBJECT MATTER; AND

 

(b) Subject to the provisions of ARTICLE XI herein below, use any information

contained in LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER for research, teaching, patient care, and

other educationally-related purposes.

 

3.2 LICENSEE shall have the right to extend the license granted herein to any

AFFILIATE provided that such AFFILIATE consents to be bound by all of the terms

and conditions of this AGREEMENT.

 

 

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3.3 Subject to the Paragraph 3.4 herein below, LICENSEE shall have the right to

grant sublicenses under LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER consistent with the terms of

this AGREEMENT provided that LICENSEE shall be responsible for its sublicensees

relevant to this AGREEMENT, and for diligently collecting all amounts due

LICENSEE from subicensees. In the event a sublicensee pursuant hereto becomes

bankrupt, insolvent or is placed in the hands of a receiver or trustee,

LICENSEE, to the extent allowed under applicable law and in a timely manner,

agrees to use its best reasonable efforts to collect any and all consideration

owed to LICENSEE and to have the sublicense agreement confirmed or rejected by a

court of proper jurisdiction.

 

3.4 LICENSEE agrees to deliver to BOARD a true and correct copy of each

sublicense granted by LICENSEE, and any modification or termination thereof,

within thirty (30) days after execution, modification, or termination.

 

3.5 Upon termination of this AGREEMENT, BOARD agrees to accept as successors to

LICENSEE, existing sublicensees in good standing at the date of termination

provided that such sublicensees consent to be bound by all of the terms and

conditions of this AGREEMENT.

 

                     IV. CONSIDERATION, PAYMENTS AND REPORTS

 

4.1 In consideration of rights granted by BOARD to LICENSEE under this

AGREEMENT, LICENSEE agrees to pay MDA the following:

 

(a) Reimbursement for all out-of-pocket expenses paid by MDA through May 31,

1996 in filing, prosecuting, enforcing and maintaining PATENT RIGHTS licensed

hereunder as follows: (i) $53,125.00 due September 1, 1996, (ii) $53,125.00 due

April 1, 1997, and (iii) $53,125.00 due January 1, 1998; and all future expenses

paid by MDA, for so long as, and in such countries as, this AGREEMENT remains in

effect. MDA will invoice LICENSEE in accordance with the schedule herein, and

upon a quarterly basis thereafter beginning March 1, 1998 for expenses paid by

MDA after May 31, 1996 and the amounts invoiced will be due and payable by

LICENSEE within thirty (30) days thereafter; AND

 

 

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(b) A running royalty equal to six percent (6%) of LICENSEE's NET SALES of

LICENSED PRODUCTS in national political jurisdictions in the LICENSED TERRITORY

where LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER is covered by one (1) or more issued patents or

pending patent applications and three percent (3%) of LICENSEE'S NET SALES of

LICENSED PRODUCTS in national political jurisdictions in the LICENSED TERRITORY

where LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER is NOT covered by one (1) or more issued patents

or pending patent applications, and fifty percent (50%) (or forty percent (40%)

when LICENSEE has expended or committed to expend and is current in its

obligations to expend Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000.00) on research and

development of the LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER) of all consideration other than

Research and Development ("R&D") money received by LICENSEE from (i) any

sublicensee pursuant to Paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 herein above, and (ii) any

assignee pursuant to Paragraph 12.1 hereinbelow including but not limited to

royalties, up-front payments, marketing, distribution, franchise, option,

license, or documentation fees, bonus and milestone payments and equity

securities, all payable within thirty (30) days after March 31, June 30,

September 30, and December 31 of each year during the term of this AGREEMENT, at

which time LICENSEE shall also deliver to BOARD and MDA a true and accurate

report, giving such particulars of the business conducted by LICENSEE and its

sublicensees, if any exist, during the preceding three (3) calendar months under

this AGREEMENT as necessary for BOARD are to account for LICENSEE's payments

hereunder. Such report shall include all pertinent data, including, but not

limited to: (a) the total quantities of LICENSED PRODUCTS produced; (b) the

total SALES, (c) the calculation of royalties thereon; (d) the total royalties

(or minimum royalties) so computed and due MDA; and (e) all other amounts

covered and due herein. Simultaneously with the delivery of each such report,

LICENSEE shall pay to MDA the amount, if any, due for the period of such report.

If no payments are due, it shall be so reported. Should LICENSEE be obligated to

pay running royalties to third parties to avoid infringing such third parties'

patent rights which dominate BOARD'S PATENT RIGHTS, LICENSEE may reduce the

running royalty due MDA by such running royalties to such third parties,

provided, however, the running royalty due MDA shall in no case be less than

one-half the rates stated herein.

 

4.2 During the Term of this AGREEMENT and for one (1) year thereafter, LICENSEE

shall keep complete and accurate records of its and its sublicensees' SALES and

NET SALES of LICENSED PRODUCTS to enable the royalties payable hereunder to be

determined. LICENSEE shall permit MDA or its representatives, at MDA's expense,

to periodically examine its books, ledgers, and records during regular business

hours for the purpose of and to the extent necessary to verify any report

required under this AGREEMENT. In the event that the amounts due to MDA are

determined to have been underpaid in an amount equal to or greater than five

percent (5%) of the total amount due during the period of time so examined,

LICENSEE shall pay the cost of such examination, and accrued interest at the

highest allowable rate.

 

 

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4.3 Upon the request of BOARD or MDA but not more often than once per calendar

year, LICENSEE shall deliver to BOARD and MDA a written report as to LICENSEE'S

(and sublicensees') efforts and accomplishments during the preceding year in

diligently commercializing LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER in the LICENSED TERRITORY and

LICENSEE'S (and sublicensees') commercialization plans for the upcoming year.

 

4.4 All amounts payable hereunder by LICENSEE shall be payable in United States

funds without deductions for taxes, assessments, fees, or charges of any kind.

Checks shall be made payable to The ........... of ........... M. D. Anderson Cancer

Center and mailed by U.S. Mail to Box 297402, Houston, ........... 77297 Attention:

Manager, Sponsored Programs.

 

4.5 No payments due or royalty rates under this AGREEMENT shall be reduced as

the result of co-ownership of LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER by BOARD and another

party, including LICENSEE.

 

                              V. SPONSORED RESEARCH

 

5.1 If LICENSEE desires to fund sponsored research within the LICENSED SUBJECT

MATTER, and particularly where LICENSEE receives money for sponsored research

payments pursuant to a sublicense under this AGREEMENT, LICENSEE shall notify

MDA in writing of all opportunities to conduct such sponsored research

(including clinical trials, if applicable), shall solicit research and/or

clinical proposals from MDA for such purpose, and shall give good faith

consideration to funding such proposals at MDA.

 

                           VI. PATENTS AND INVENTIONS

 

6.1 If after consultation with LICENSEE it is agreed by BOARD and LICENSEE that

a new patent application should be filed for LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER, BOARD will

prepare and file appropriate patent applications, and LICENSEE will pay the cost

of searching, preparing, filing, prosecuting and maintaining same. If LICENSEE

notifies BOARD that it does not intend to pay the cost of an application, or if

LICENSEE does not respond or make an effort to agree with BOARD on the

disposition of rights of the subject invention, then BOARD may file such

application at its own expense and LICENSEE shall have no rights to such

invention. BOARD shall provide LICENSEE with a copy of the application for which

LICENSEE has paid the cost of filing, as well as copies of any documents

received or filed during prosecution thereof.

 

 

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                       VII. INFRINGEMENT BY THIRD PARTIES

 

7.1 LICENSEE shall have the obligation of enforcing at its expense any patent

exclusively licensed hereunder against infringement by third parties and shall

be entitled to retain recovery from such enforcement. LICENSEE shall pay MDA a

royalty on any monetary recovery to the extent that such monetary recovery by

LICENSEE is held to be damages or a reasonable royalty in lieu thereof. In the

event that LICENSEE does not file suit against a substantial infringer of such

patents within six (6) months of knowledge thereof, then BOARD shall have the

right to enforce any patent licensed hereunder on behalf of itself and LICENSEE

(MDA retaining all recoveries from such enforcement) and/or reduce the license

granted hereunder to non-exclusive.

 

7.2 In any suit or dispute involving an infringer, the parties shall cooperate

fully, and upon the request and at the expense of the party bringing suit, the

other party shall make available to the party bringing suit at reasonable times

and under appropriate conditions all relevant personnel, records, papers,

information, samples, specimens, and the like which are in its possession.

 

                              VIII. PATENT MARKING

 

8.1 LICENSEE agrees that all packaging containing individual LICENSED

PRODUCT(S), and documentation therefor, sold by LICENSEE, SUBSIDIARIES, and

sublicensees of LICENSEE will be marked permanently and legibly with the number

of the applicable patent(s) licensed hereunder in accordance with each country's

patent laws, including Title 35, United States Code.

 

                               IX. INDEMNIFICATION

 

9.1 LICENSEE shall hold harmless and indemnify BOARD, YYY, MDA, its Regents,

officers, employees, students, and agents from and against any claims, demand,

or causes of action whatsoever, costs of suit and reasonable attorney's fees

including without limitation those costs arising on account of any injury or

death of persons or damage to property caused by, or arising out of, or

resulting from, the exercise or practice of the license granted hereunder by

LICENSEE or its officers, employees, agents or representatives.

 

 

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                      X. USE OF BOARD AND COMPONENT'S NAME

 

10.1 LICENSEE shall not use the name of (or the name of any employee of) MDA,

YYY or BOARD without the advance, express written consent of BOARD secured

through:

 

                           The ........... of ...........

 

                         

 

                           ATTENTION:

 

                          XI. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

 

11.1 BOARD and LICENSEE each agree that all information contained in documents

marked "confidential" which are forwarded to one by the other shall be received

in strict confidence, used only for the purposes of this AGREEMENT, and not

disclosed by the recipient party (except as required by law or court order), its

agents or employees without the prior written consent of the other party, unless

such information (a) was in the public domain at the time of disclosure, (b)

later became part of the public domain through no act or omission of the

recipient party, its employees, agents, successors or assigns, (c) was lawfully

disclosed to the recipient party by a third party having the right to disclose

it, (d) was already known by the recipient party at the time of disclosure, (e)

was independently developed or (f) is required to be submitted to a government

agency pursuant to any preexisting obligation.

 

11.2 Each party's obligation of confidence hereunder shall be fulfilled by using

at least the same degree of care with the other party's confidential information

as it uses to protect its own confidential information. This obligation shall

exist while this AGREEMENT is in force and for a period of three (3) years

thereafter.

 

                                 XII. ASSIGNMENT

 

12.1 Except in connection with the sale of substantially all of the assets of

LICENSEE to a third party, this AGREEMENT may not be assigned by LICENSEE

without the prior written consent of BOARD.

 

 

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                           XII. TERMS AND TERMINATION

 

13.1 Subject to Articles 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, and 13.5 hereinbelow, the term of

this AGREEMENT shall extend from the Effective Date set forth hereinabove to the

full end of the term or terms for which PATENT RIGHTS have not expired, and if

only TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS are licensed and no PATENT RIGHTS are applicable, for a

term of fifteen (15) years.

 

13.2 BOARD shall have the right at any time after one (1) year from the

EFFECTIVE DATE of this AGREEMENT to terminate the license granted herein in any

national political jurisdiction within the LICENSED TERRITORY if LICENSEE,

within ninety days after written notice from BOARD of such intended termination,

fails to provide written evidence satisfactory to BOARD that LICENSEE has

commercialized or is actively and effectively attempting to commercialize an

invention licensed hereunder within such jurisdiction(s). Accurate, written

evidence provided by LICENSEE to BOARD within said ninety (90) day period that

LICENSEE has an effective, ongoing and active research, development,

manufacturing, marketing, or sales program, as appropriate, directed toward

obtaining regulatory approval and/or production and/or sale of LICENSED PRODUCTS

incorporating PATENT RIGHTS or incorporating TECHNOLOGY RIGHTS within such

jurisdiction shall be deemed satisfactory evidence.

 

13.3 Subject to any rights herein which survive termination, this AGREEMENT will

earlier terminate in its entirety:

 

(a) automatically if LICENSEE shall become bankrupt or insolvent and/or if the

business of LICENSEE shall be placed in the hands of a receiver or trustee,

whether by voluntary act of LICENSEE or otherwise; or

 

(b) (i) upon thirty (30) days written notice by BOARD if LICENSEE shall breach

or default on the payment obligations of ARTICLE IV, or use of name obligations

of ARTICLE X; or (ii) upon ninety (90) days written notice by BOARD if LICENSEE

shall breach or default on any other obligation under this AGREEMENT; provided,

however, LICENSEE may avoid such termination if before the end of such thirty

(30) or ninety (90) day period if LICENSEE provides notice and accurate, written

evidence satisfactory to BOARD that such breach has been cured and the manner of

such cure; or.

 

(c) at any time by mutual written agreement between LICENSEE and BOARD, or

without cause upon one hundred eighty (180) days written notice by LICENSEE to

BOARD, subject to any terms herein which survive termination.

 

 

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13.4 Upon termination of this AGREEMENT for any cause:

 

(a) nothing herein shall be construed to release either party of any obligation

matured prior to the effective date of such termination.

 

(b) LICENSEE covenants and agrees to be bound by the provisions of ARTICLES IX,

X AND XI of this AGREEMENT.

 

(c) LICENSEE may, after the effective date of such termination, sell all

LICENSED PRODUCTS and parts therefore that it may have on hand at the date of

termination, provided that LICENSEE pays the earned royalty thereon and any

other amounts due pursuant to ARTICLE IV of this AGREEMENT.

 

(d) LICENSEE grants to BOARD a non-exclusive royalty bearing license with the

right to sublicense others with respect to improvements made by LICENSEE

(including improvements licensed by LICENSEE from third parties) in the LICENSED

SUBJECT MATTER. LICENSEE and BOARD agree to negotiate in good faith the royalty

rate for said non-exclusive license. BOARD's right to sublicense others

hereunder shall be solely for purposes of permitting others to develop and

commercialize the entire technology package.

 

13.5 This AGREEMENT shall automatically terminate if LICENSEE fails to deliver

to MDA by September 1, 1996 (i) payment of $53,125.00 pursuant to 4.1(a)

hereinabove and (ii) notice that LICENSEE has legally binding funding

commitments from its investors totaling Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000.00) or

more.

 

                         XIV. WARRANTY: SUPERIOR-RIGHTS

 

14.1 Except for the rights, if any, of the Government of the United States as

set forth hereinbelow, BOARD represents and warrants its belief that it is the

owner of the entire right, title, and interest in and to LICENSED SUBJECT

MATTER, and that it has the sole right to grant licenses thereunder, and that it

has not knowingly granted licenses thereunder to any other entity that would

restrict rights granted hereunder except as stated herein.

 

14.2 LICENSEE understands that the LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER may have been

developed under a funding agreement with the Government of the United States of

America and, if so, that the Government may have certain rights relative

thereto. This AGREEMENT is explicitly made subject to the Government's rights

under any such agreement and any applicable law or regulation, including P.L.

96-517 as amended by P.L. 98-620. To the extent that there is a conflict between

any such agreement, applicable law or regulation and this AGREEMENT, the terms

of such Government agreement, applicable law or regulation shall prevail.

 

 

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14.3 LICENSEE understands and agrees that BOARD, by this AGREEMENT, makes no

representation as to the operability or fitness for any use, safety, efficacy,

approvability by regulatory authorities, time and cost of development,

patentability, and/or breadth of the LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER. BOARD, by this

AGREEMENT, makes no representation as to whether there are any patents now held,

or which will be held, by others or by BOARD in the LICENSED FIELD, nor does

BOARD make any representation that the inventions contained in PATENT RIGHTS do

not infringe any other patents now held or that will be held by others or by

BOARD.

 

14.4 LICENSEE, by execution hereof, acknowledges, covenants and agrees that

LICENSEE has not been induced in anyway by BOARD, YYY, MDA or employees

thereof to enter into this Agreement, and further agrees that LICENSEE has

conducted sufficient due diligence with respect to all items and issues

pertaining to Article XIV herein and all other matters pertaining to this

Agreement and agrees to accept all risks inherent herein.

 

                                   XV. GENERAL

 

15.1 This AGREEMENT constitutes the entire and only AGREEMENT between the

parties for LICENSED SUBJECT MATTER and all other prior negotiations,

representations, agreements and understandings are superseded hereby. No

agreements altering or supplementing the terms hereof may be made except by

means of a written document signed by the duly authorized representatives of the

parties.

 

15.2 Any notice required by this AGREEMENT shall be given by prepaid, first

class, certified mail, return receipt requested, and addressed in the case of

BOARD to:

 

                                          BOARD OF REGENTS

                                          The ........... of ........... YYY

                                         

                                          ..........., ........... 78701

                                          ATTENTION:  YYY Intellectual

                                          Property Office

 

         with copy to:                    The ........... of ...........

 

                                          ATTENTION:

 

         or in the case of LICENSEE to:   XYZ, Inc.

 

                                          ATTENTION:

 

         or such other address as may be given from time to time under the terms

         of this

 

 

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         notice provision.

 

15.3 LICENSEE covenants and agrees to comply with all applicable federal, state

and local laws and regulations in connection with its activities pursuant to

this AGREEMENT.

 

15.4 This AGREEMENT shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws

of the United States of America and of the State of ............

 

15.5 Failure of BOARD to enforce a right under this AGREEMENT shall not act as a

waiver of that right or the ability to later assert that right relative to the

particular situation involved.

 

15.6 Headings included herein are for convenience only and shall not be used to

construe this AGREEMENT.

 

15.7 If any provision of this AGREEMENT shall be found by a court to be void,

invalid or unenforceable, the same shall be reformed to comply with applicable

law or stricken if not so conformable, so as not to affect the validity or

enforceability of this AGREEMENT.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, parties hereto have caused their duly authorized

representatives to execute this AGREEMENT.

 

THE ........... OF ...........                        BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE

 

                                              ........... OF ........... YYY

 

 

By  /s/                                        By /s/

    --------------------------------------        ------------------------------

 

         Executive Vice President                      Vice Chancellor and

         for Administration and Finance                General Counsel

 

 

APPROVED AS TO CONTENT:                        APPROVED AS TO FORM:

 

 

By   /s/                                       By /s/

    --------------------------------------        ------------------------------

 

         Director, Technology Development              Manager, Intellectual

                                                       Property

 

 

BIOTEX,INC.

 

 

By   /s/

   ---------------------------------------

        

         President

 

 

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                                    EXHIBIT I

                    

                                    OMISSIS

 

 

                                       13